{"id":1795,"date":"2025-10-26T14:14:25","date_gmt":"2025-10-26T14:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/rus\/?page_id=1795"},"modified":"2025-10-30T11:47:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T11:47:34","slug":"%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%82-%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/rus\/%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%82-%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-27aae009-df94-4ef5-8666-3e883daa3434\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-5f9cd32f-925f-4961-a926-bb5c6eba4ea7\">Andmebaasi v\u00f5tmete liigid (Database Keys)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Primary key<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Foreign key<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unique key<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simple key<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Composite key<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Compound key<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Superkey<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Candidate key<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alternate key<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u00f5tmed<\/strong><em><strong> <\/strong>on komponendid, mis tagavad andmete terviklikkuse, unikaalsuse ja t\u00f5husa ligip\u00e4\u00e4su neile. Neid kasutatakse laialdaselt tabeli ridade ainulaadseks tuvastamiseks.<br>Samuti kasutatakse v\u00f5tmeid seoste loomiseks erinevate veergude ja tabelite vahel relatsiooniandmebaasis.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Primary key<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Primary key <\/strong>on unikaalne v\u00f5ti, mis t\u00e4hendab, et see suudab \u00fcheselt tuvastada iga kirje tabelis. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Selle v\u00e4\u00e4rtused peavad olema ainulaadsed ning need ei tohi korduda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Primaarv\u00f5ti ei tohi olla NULL,<\/strong> sest see peab andma kehtiva ja unikaalse identifikaatori iga kirje jaoks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1674\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncreate table employees (\n    id int primary key,\n    name varchar(100),\n    position varchar(50)\n);\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1338C9F0-8919-4ED0-AC54-7F5D29B7C10E.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1734\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Foreign key<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Foreign<\/strong> <strong>key<\/strong> on \u00fche tabeli komponent, mis viitab teise tabeli primaarv\u00f5tmele.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00f5\u00f5rv\u00f5ti \u00fches tabelis osutab primaarv\u00f5tmele teises tabelis, <strong>luues nende vahel seose<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See aitab \u00fchendada kahte v\u00f5i enamat tabelit, v\u00f5imaldades nendevahelisi seoseid.<strong> See on oluline andmete terviklikkuse s\u00e4ilitamiseks ja liigsete andmete v\u00e4ltimiseks.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00f5\u00f5rv\u00f5tmed toimivad ristviidetena tabelite vahel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1674\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncreate table departments (\n    id int primary key,\n    name varchar(100)\n);\n\ncreate table employees (\n    id int primary key,\n    name varchar(100),\n    department_id int,\n    foreign key (department_id) references departments(id)\n);\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/064923AB-D6F8-4EE6-9EAF-F7B1F87C4DB6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1736\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unique key<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Unique key<\/strong> v\u00f5ivad sisaldada <strong>\u00fchte NULL-v\u00e4\u00e4rtust<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tabelis v\u00f5ib olla<strong> rohkem kui \u00fcks unique key.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Unique key<\/strong> saab uuendada v\u00f5i kustutada ning see ei m\u00f5juta tabeli terviklikkuse piiranguid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1678\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncreate table users (\n    id int primary key,\n    username varchar(50) UNIQUE,\n    email varchar(100) UNIQUE\n);\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/189E982B-70F0-4B21-80C6-1C29D8D81480.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1737\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simple key<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Simple key<\/strong> koosneb <strong>ainult \u00fchest veerust<\/strong> (atribuudist). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Simple key <\/strong>on lihtsam m\u00e4\u00e4ratleda ja hallata \u2014 <strong>piisab vaid \u00fchest v\u00e4ljast.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncreate table customers (\n    customer_id int primary key,\n    name varchar(100),\n    email varchar(100)\n);\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4DAD1038-2D2D-4E61-A082-8C88C7A94ABD.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1738\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Composite key<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>See toimib primaarv\u00f5tmena<\/strong>, kui tabelis puudub primaarv\u00f5ti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kahe v\u00f5i enama atribuudi <\/strong>abil moodustatakse liitv\u00f5ti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Erinevad atribuudi kombinatsioonid v\u00f5ivad tagada erineva t\u00e4psuse ridade unikaalse tuvastamise osas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1683\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncreate table order_items (\n    order_id int,\n    product_id int,\n    quantity int,\n    primary key (order_id, product_id)\n);\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2E0B84D3-2BE1-423D-81F5-6CEFC935385C.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1739\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compound key<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Compound key on eriline t\u00fc\u00fcpi composite key,<\/strong> mida kasutatakse tabeli primaarv\u00f5tmena.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u00f5ik liitv\u00f5tmed on composite key, kuid mitte k\u00f5ik \u00fchendv\u00f5tmed ei ole liitv\u00f5tmed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncreate table order_items (\n    order_id int,\n    product_id int,\n    quantity int,\n    primary key (order_id, product_id)\n);\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/107C5CBA-D977-48E1-A796-78DAA899F458.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1740\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Superkey<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Superkey<\/strong> on \u00fcks v\u00f5i mitu v\u00e4lja, mis \u00fcheskoos v\u00f5imaldavad \u00fcheselt tuvastada ridu tabelis. <strong>See v\u00f5ib sisaldada NULL-v\u00e4\u00e4rtusi ridades<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Superkey <\/strong>v\u00f5ib sisaldada ka lisaattribuute, mis ei ole vajalikud unikaalsuse tagamiseks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1679\" style=\"width:1200px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncreate table employees (\n    emp_id int,\n    email varchar(100),\n    phone varchar(20),\n    name varchar(100)\n);\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/79E12404-05D7-43A3-9729-526893A1D523.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1741\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Candidate key<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Candidate key on minimaalne superv\u00f5ti<\/strong>, mis t\u00e4hendab, et see suudab \u00fcheselt tuvastada kirje, kuid ei sisalda liigseid atribuute.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See on superv\u00f5ti ilma korduvate andmeteta, mida nimetatakse potentsiaalv\u00f5tiks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1680\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncreate table users (\n    id int primary key,\n    username varchar(50) UNIQUE,\n    email varchar(100) UNIQUE\n);\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/43D75766-951B-4F88-AA84-BC9D6B26DACC.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1742\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alternate key<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Alternate key <\/strong>on mis tahes potentsiaalv\u00f5ti tabelis, mida ei ole valitud primaarv\u00f5tmeks. Teisis\u00f5nu, k\u00f5ik v\u00f5tmed, mida ei ole m\u00e4\u00e4ratud primaarv\u00f5tmeks, loetakse alternatiivv\u00f5tmeteks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alternate key nimetatakse ka teisesev\u00f5tmeks<\/strong>, kuna see suudab \u00fcheselt tuvastada kirjeid tabelis samamoodi nagu primaarv\u00f5ti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alternate key v\u00f5ib koosneda \u00fchest v\u00f5i mitmest veerust (v\u00e4ljast), mis v\u00f5imaldavad kirjet \u00fcheselt tuvastada, kuid see ei ole primaarv\u00f5ti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1681\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncreate table employees (\n    emp_id int primary key,\n    email varchar(100) UNIQUE\n);\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oleksandraryshniak24.thkit.ee\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/C3756E61-8A70-462D-89BE-85ADA5C881C3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1743\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kasutatud allikad<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/dbms\/types-of-keys-in-relational-model-candidate-super-primary-alternate-and-foreign\/\">https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/dbms\/types-of-keys-in-relational-model-candidate-super-primary-alternate-and-foreign\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/dbms\/unique-key-in-dbms\/\">https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/dbms\/unique-key-in-dbms\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/database.guide\/compound-keys-explained\/\">https:\/\/database.guide\/compound-keys-explained\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Andmebaasi v\u00f5tmete liigid (Database Keys) V\u00f5tmed on komponendid, mis tagavad andmete terviklikkuse, unikaalsuse ja t\u00f5husa ligip\u00e4\u00e4su neile. 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